I've been using this for some years and it seems to work well, so I want to pass the idea along.
I don't heat the room my beer making operation is in, as a result it can get down into the 40's or even lower on occasion. Fermentation slows to a crawl at 40.
I put a pair of old sweat shirts over each carboy - which keeps light out as well as insulates them. To warm the 'boys I bought cheap heating pads at a discount drugstore (walmart would probably stock this also). The pads are square, 15" on a side, and cover the bottom of the carboy. They set me back ~$15 each
They are sold as a remedy for muscle pains. The heating element is like an electric blanket and encapsulated in a vinyl (water proof) pouch. There is an a removable cloth covering that goes over the vinyl.
The pads have a switch that allows 3 heat settings, I think the maximum setting is something like 75 watts.
To minimize heat loss to the bench the carboys are on, there's a sheet of styrofoam, 3/4" thick, 14" X 24" - something sold at home builder's stores to insulate walls. One sheet can hold two carboys and heating pads.
A while back the place I worked at was getting rid of a thermocouple temperature controller. That got added to my setup and I tape the thermocouple junction to one carboy (mid-way up on the glass) and plug the lot into the one controller. I leave the monitored 'boy at a the midrange heat setting and can tweak the others up or down to gently boost or lower their temperature (for different yeasts or to get a brew ready to bottle on my schedule).
Before the thermostat came my way I'd check the temperature and adjust the carboys manually once a day. The 5 gallons of liquid would only gain or lose a few degrees in their insulated condition.